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ժҪ: Źѧ
㷺, ҽѧӢѾܵԽԽ
, ˽ҽѧӢڴʻ㡢﷨ṹ
ص, һЩҽѧӢķ뼼
ǷdzҪġҪҽѧӢ﷭
һݽ̽֡
ؼ: ҽѧӢ; ; ﷨ṹ; ʻ


ķΧܹ,
ࡣ乤ʽ, пͱ
; ䷭, пƼ
ϵķ롢ѧƷķ롢
ĵķԼӦĵķ롣ʹò
ͬԵǻ๵ͨŦ, һ
԰һ˼׼ȷ
ֵԻ뱾
һŶĴѧ, Աһ
, ǿѧԵٴŹѧ
㷺, ҽѧӢܵԽԽ,
һЩҽѧӢķ뼼DZҪġҽѧӢ
ΪһҪĿƼ, ʶࡢʽ
ʻࡢʻṹࡢࡢࡢν
ﶯʶࡢרҵǿص, Щص㶼ҽ
ѧ׵ġ, ҽѧӢķ
ҲбӢķ롣
һԱ˽ҽѧ֪ʶ
ҽѧӢ﷭, Ҫﵽ׼ȷ,
˽ҽѧ֪ʶ, ͬһ
Ӣı﷨ԵİҲܴ˫
Ϣ, ԵԺ׼ȷ
涼ܴܵơҪ,
߾ҪŬϤҽѧ֪ʶ
, Ҫ“”һʻ, ˼
ֱԶԶ, ôҲ׼ȷ“
”˼“bicuspid petal ”, ʵ
“bicuspid valve ”ȷС˽ҽѧ֪
ʶ, ڷжԷԱͷ
кܴ
ҽѧӢķ׼
׼Ƿʵ׼ͺĺ
ij߶ȡڷı׼, ᷨܶࡣе
“š”, е“š˳”ȵȡ

һǹͬ, һĶӦ
ԭ˼ݺʽ
档Ϊ, ڽӢ﷭ʱӦ
׼:
( һ) ʵ
Ӧʵԭ, ׼
ȷءءѧرԭĵ
, κδ۸ġ©
ɾָͨ
ʵ, ˵,
˵дӳ
˼롢۵㡢¶ĸȡ
( ) ͨ˳
Աͨ˳׶, Ϲ淶, ô
Ӧϱϰ, Ҫġѧġ
ڵ, ͨ˳׶Ӧͨṹ
ҡӲɬ
ҽѧӢ﷭ҪԽṹ
ɫ
( һ) ҽѧӢڴʻϵص
1 . ݱ
רҵʻͨض, һ
Ϊ: һijһרҵеĴʻ, : appen -
dicitis βסdiarrhea кsplenomegaly Ƣ״
ҽѧеĴʻ, ʻһһ
ʶӦһص; һͨʻݱ
רҵʻ, ʻһʶ, Ӧ
ѧ֪ʶרҵ֪ʶۺϷ, ڷʵв
Ϸḻ“allergy ”Ϊ“”, ҽѧӢ
гΪ“̬Ӧ”, “confirmed ”Ϊ“
”, ҽѧӢгΪ“ȷ”
2 . ׺
ӴԴѧĽǶ, ҽѧӢʻ,
ϣĴռм߱ʡOscar
E.Nybaken ͳ, һҽѧʻԼ46%
; 7 . 2%ϣ, ϣ
ҽѧӢʻҪϣӵ
ḻĴ׺, ÿ׺̶,
벻ͬĴʸ´ʡҽѧӢʻ㴫
һص㡣, ҽѧӢǰ׺򵥺
׺Ϻ׺ΪҪǰ׺nephro - ,
nephrohypertrophy ʴnephrolithotomy
ʯгnephrorrhaphy , ȵ; 򵥺׺-
ia ʾij״̬, : ataxia ʧ
dementia մhypoplasia ȫ; Ϻ׺-
rrhaphy ʾ, : duodenorrhaphy ʮָ
herniorrhaphy ޷colporrhaphy

3 . ʶʹù淶
Ӣʻص, ɷΪͨ
ʽʻ㡣ͨʻ󲿷Ӣﱾ,
ӢѧƷ, ʽʻ󲿷
, ڿƼáεȽʽ
СҽѧӢһʽ, ʹý
ʽĴʻ, ڶʵʹΪͻ:
to convert to change 9 to locate
to find 9 to absorb to take in , ȵȡ

( ) ҽѧӢ﷨ṹϵص
1 . ʹʻṹ
ʹʻṹ( Nominalization ) ҽѧ
Ӣص֮һ, ΪҽѧҪļࡢ
͹ۡȷСϢǿڵ
ʵ, ijһΪ: 1 )The molecules of a
substance are moving about all the time without
stopping. 2)The molecules of substance are in continual
motion. ˼ͬ, ڶ“in con -
tinual motion ” ʻṹ, һ˾
, һǿ“motion ”һʵ
2 . ʹóͶӾ
ҽѧӢдʹóͶӾ,
֤ϢǿϢá: Thus,
due to the action of ultra violet rays on the skin,
substances are produced in the skin which get into
the blood and accelerate the processes of metabolism
in the various organs of the body. [ ע: Ϊ
, һwhich ĶӾ, һ
䷢λ: Ƥ
, ƤһЩʽѪҺ, ɴٽ
ٵĴлá]
3 . дʹƵ
ҽѧҪļṹ,
дʵƵʹ, ˾,
Ϣܶȡ: Male homosexual AIDS patients al -
so show an increased incidence of certain tumors,
most commonly Kaposi' s sarcoma. [ : ijЩ
̲ͬз, 
ǿ“AIDS”acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome Դ, ͬʱΪ
“patients”]
4 . 㷺ʹñ̬
ҽѧ², ǿ͹׼ȷ,
һ˳ʹù, ܶϵӡ
˾ʹõ˳, ñ̬:
Marijuana is one of man' s oldest and most widely
used drugs. It has been consumed in various
ways as long as medical history has been recorded
and is currently used throughout the world by
hundreds of millions of people . A fairly consistent
picture of short - term effects on users is presented
in many publications. [ ע: ˶Ĵõ
̬: ʹ㷺, ʷһ
ֶƷ, ҽѧʷ, ʹôļ,
ȫƵʹá
ԶƷʹֶ߳ЧӦ]
ġҽѧӢķ뷽
Ҫ߷, ʹĴﵽ׼ȷͨ˳
׼, ͱ÷뼼ɡ뼼ָ
ôĴ, ꡢ
תҽѧķ뷽ȡ
( һ) 귨
Ӣ뺺ʱ, ʱijЩӢʵ
ҲʵĴ, Ӳ׻,
ʹӲɬ, ȷбԭ,
⡣ʱڲӢǰ
, ѡǡĺ
( )
Ӣڴ÷ӽṹ
﷽ʽ, Ӣ뺺ʱҪ
һЩԭûеĴ, ʹͨ˳Ҹʵ
رԭĵ˼֡һ
Ǹ޴ǵҪ, ӱʾʱ̬
Ĵ, Ӣﲻﶯı
ʡһǸݾ䷨ϵҪ, ԭľ
ʡԵĴʡ
( ) ʡ
ʡǽԭеЩʡԲ, ʹ
ķϺϰߡʡʡȥĴӢ
Ϊ﷨ϵҪ, ݺϰ߲
ҪĴʡӢĹڴʡʡʡ
, еھвʵ, ʱһ
ʡԡ
( ) ת
Ӣ뺺ʱ, ҪӢij
Ĵ, һִĺ, ʹ
ͨ˳Ȼ, Ϻıϰߡַ봦
תԷ, ƴת:
Since the demonstration that aminopterin
administratedinstrathecally decreased the number
of blasts in the cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF)of patients with meningeal leukemia,
the antifolates have been widely employed for therapy
and prophylaxis of this complication.[ : ԴӦ
עʹĤѪԼҺϸ
һʵ֤, ҶƼ
ӦƺԤһ֢Ľԭ
“demonstration ”תΪ“֤”]
( ) ҽѧרҵ뷨
ҽѧӢд, ҿѧԡר
ҵԺǿҽѧ뷨롢롢
ԭ֡change dressings , whoopingcough
տ, goose flesh Ƥ, blue spot ߡ

֮, κҽѧ׶ǰѴʻ㰴һ
ϰ֯, Ϥһרҵ
ʻ, ҽѧӢص, ˽ҽѧ
֪ʶ, ׵ķñҪ
뼼, ʹķϺϰ, ЩԵ
ΪҪ
ο:
[ 1 ] . ҽѧרҵӢ[ M ] . ɳ: Ͽѧ
, 1984 .
[ 2 ] . Ӣ̳[ M ] . Ϻ: Ϻ
, 1991 .


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